• Medication
• Physical therapy
• Arthroscopy (cleaning the joint)
• Joint fluid supplements
• Joint replacement

If you and your orthopaedic surgeon decide that joint replacement surgery is an option to relieve your pain, the orthopaedic surgeon will provide the specific-to-you details of which type of artificial joint he or she will use, what you need to know to prepare for the surgery, how the surgery will be performed, and what results you can expect once you are up and moving again.

Medication
Many different medications are used to treat the pain and stiffness of arthritis. One of the most commonly prescribed types of drugs are the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, or NSAIDs, which can be taken long-term to reduce both the pain and swelling caused by arthritis.

Another type of medication prescribed to reduce severe pain and swelling are corticosteroids. Corticosteroid injections offer quick, effective pain relief. However, they can be used only a few times a year because they weaken bone and cartilage. Also, corticosteroids can cause other potentially serious side effects; their use must be monitored by a physician.

Physical Therapy
Physical therapy can be helpful in the management of OA and RA. For example, a physical therapist may recommend:

• Isometric (“pushing”) exercises to help build muscle strength without subjecting inflamed joints to excessive wear
  
  
• Isotonic (“pulling”) exercises to further increase muscle strength and help preserve function
  
  
• Daily walking, using a cane or other assistive device as needed

Joint Fluid Supplements
For patients whose knee joint pain does not improve with medication or physical therapy, “joint grease” injections may provide temporary relief. The knee is injected with a joint fluid supplement that acts as a lubricant for the damaged joint. Joint injection schedules and duration of relief vary according to the treatment chosen and the individual patient. However, these injections do not cure the diseased knee, and joint replacement may be needed as the joint worsens with time. Read more about Joint Fluid Supplements

Total Joint Replacement
Total joint replacement is usually reserved for patients who have severe arthritic conditions. Most patients who have artificial hip or knee joints are over 55 years of age, but the operation is being performed in greater numbers on younger patients thanks to new advances in artificial joint technology.

Circumstances vary, but generally patients are considered for total joint replacement if:

• Functional limitations restrict not only work and recreation, but also the ordinary activities of daily living
  
  
• Pain is not relieved by more conservative methods of treatment, such as those described above, by the use of a cane, and by restricting activities
  
  
• Stiffness in the joint is significant
  
  
• X-rays show advanced arthritis or other problems